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|area_code = 937 |area_code_type = Area code |timezone = EST |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |coordinates_display = inline,title |latd= 39 |latm= 45 |lats= 34 |latNS=N |longd= 84 |longm= 11 |longs= 30 |longEW=W |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 225 |elevation_ft = 738 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 39113 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1064514 |website = |footnotes = }} Dayton (; local pronunciation: ) is the sixth largest city in the state of Ohio and is the county seat of Montgomery County.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 In the 2010 census, the population was 141,527; the Dayton metropolitan area had 841,502 residents, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Ohio, after only the urban agglomerations of Cleveland, Cincinnati and Columbus, and the 63rd largest in the United States. The Dayton-Springfield-Greenville Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,080,044 in 2010 and is the 43rd largest in the United States. Dayton is situated within the Miami Valley region of Ohio just north of the Cincinnati–Northern Kentucky metropolitan area. Ohio's borders are within of roughly 60 percent of the country's population and manufacturing infrastructure, making the Dayton area a logistical centroid for manufacturers, suppliers, and shippers.〔Doug Page,("Dayton Region a Crucial Hub for Supply Chain Management" ), Dayton Daily News, 2009-12-21.〕 Dayton also plays host to significant research and development in fields like industrial, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations. Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and its place within the community. With the decline of heavy manufacturing, Dayton's businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors. Other than defense and aerospace, healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton area's economy. Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32,000, a yearly economic impact of $6.8 billion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dayton area hospitals )〕 It is estimated that Premier Health Partners, a hospital network, contributes more than $2 billion a year to the region through operating, employment, and capital expenditures.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Economic Impact )〕 In 2011, Dayton was rated the No. 3 city in the nation out of the top 50 cities in the United States by HealthGrades for excellence in health care. Many hospitals in the Dayton area are consistently ranked by ''Forbes'', ''U.S. News & World Report'', and HealthGrades for clinical excellence. Dayton is also noted for its association with aviation; the city is home to the National Museum of the United States Air Force and is the birthplace of Orville Wright. Other well-known individuals born in the city include poet Paul Laurence Dunbar and entrepreneur John H. Patterson. Dayton is also known for its many patents, inventions, and inventors that have come from the area,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dayton Inventions )〕 most notable being the Wright brothers' invention of powered flight.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Dayton Aviation History )〕 In 2008, 2009, and 2010, ''Site Selection'' magazine ranked Dayton the No. 1 mid-sized metropolitan area in the nation for economic development.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Site Selection ranking )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Site selection ranking 2010 )〕 Also in 2010, Dayton was named one of the best places in the United States for college graduates to find a job.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Bloomberg Businessweek college graduate job ranking )〕 ==History== Dayton was founded on April 1, 1796, by a group of 12 settlers known as "The Thompson Party." They traveled in March from Cincinnati up the Great Miami River by pirogue and landed at what is now St. Clair Street, where they found two small camps of Native Americans. Among the settlers was Benjamin Van Cleve, whose memoirs provide insights into the history of the Ohio Valley. Two other groups who were travelling overland arrived several days later. In 1797, Daniel C. Cooper laid out Mad River Road, the first overland connection between Cincinnati and Dayton, opening the "Mad River Country" to settlement. Ohio was admitted into the Union in 1803, and the city of Dayton was incorporated in 1805. The city was named after Jonathan Dayton, a captain in the American Revolutionary War who signed the U.S. Constitution and owned a significant amount of land in the area.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Brief History of Dayton )〕 In 1827, construction on the Dayton-Cincinnati canal began, which would provide a better way to transport goods from Dayton to Cincinnati and contribute significantly to Dayton's economic growth during the 1800s.〔 Historically, Dayton has been the home for many patents and inventions since the 1870s.〔 According to the National Park Service, citing information from the U.S. Patent Office, Dayton had granted more patents per capita than any other U.S. city in 1890 and ranked fifth in the nation as early as 1870.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What Dreams We Have ) 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=School of Law )〕 The Wright brothers, inventors of the world's first airplane, and Charles F. Kettering, world-renowned for his numerous inventions, hailed from Dayton.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wright Brother Information )〕 The city was also home to James Ritty's "Incorruptible Cashier", the first mechanical cash register, and Arthur E. Morgan's "hydraulic jump", a flood prevention mechanism that helped pioneer modern-day hydraulic engineering.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dayton Inventors River Walk )〕 Paul Laurence Dunbar – a famous African-American poet and novelist – penned his most famous works in the late 19th century and became an integral part of the city's history.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Paul Lawrence Dunbar Biography )〕 Innovation led to business growth in the region. In 1884, John Henry Patterson acquired James Ritty's National Manufacturing Company along with his cash register patents and formed the National Cash Register Company (NCR). The company manufactured the first mechanical cash registers and played a crucial role in the success and shaping of Dayton's reputation as an epicenter for manufacturing in the early 1900s. In 1906, Charles F. Kettering, a leading engineer at the company, helped develop the first electric cash register which propelled NCR into the national spotlight.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NCR history information )〕 NCR also helped develop the US Navy bombe, a code-breaking machine that helped crack the Enigma machine cipher during World War II.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NCR WWII Code breaking machines )〕 A catastrophic flood occurred in March 1913, known as the Great Dayton Flood, which led to the establishment of the Miami Conservancy District, a series of dams and hydraulic jumps installed around Dayton, in 1914.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Flood Protection )〕 Like other cities across the country, Dayton was heavily involved in the war effort during World War II. Several locations around the city hosted the Dayton Project, a branch of the larger Manhattan Project, to develop polonium triggers which were used in early atomic bombs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Dayton Project )〕 The war efforts led to a manufacturing boom throughout the city, including high demand for housing and other services. At one point, emergency housing was put into place due to a housing shortage in the region, much of which is still in use today.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WWII Emergency Housing )〕 Between the 1940s and the 1970s, the city saw significant growth in suburban areas as a result of population migration. Veterans were returning from military service in large numbers seeking industrial and manufacturing jobs, a part of the local industry that was expanding rapidly. Advancements in architecture also contributed to the suburban boom. New, modernized shopping centers and the Interstate Highway System allowed workers to commute greater distances and families to live further away from the downtown area. More than 127,000 homes were built in Montgomery County alone during the 1950s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dayton Modern History )〕 Since the 1980s, however, Dayton's population has been in decline, mainly due to the loss of manufacturing jobs and decentralization of metropolitan areas, as well as the national housing crisis that began in 2008. While much of the state has suffered for similar reasons, the negative impact on Dayton has been greater than most. Dayton had the third-greatest percentage loss of population in the state since the 1980s, behind only Cleveland and Youngstown.〔 Despite this, Dayton has begun diversifying its workforce from manufacturing into other growing sectors of the local economy such as healthcare and education. New expansion downtown began in the 2000s helping to revitalize the city and encourage growth. Fifth Third Field, home of the Dayton Dragons, was built in 2000. The highly successful minor league baseball team has been an integral part of Dayton's culture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dayton Dragons all time professional sellout streak MLB )〕 In 2001, the city's public park system, Five Rivers MetroParks, constructed an outdoor entertainment venue known as RiverScape MetroPark that attracts more than 400,000 visitors a year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Riverscape MetroPark project )〕 A new performance arts theater, the Schuster Center, opened in 2003. A large health network in the region, Premier Health Partners, expanded its Miami Valley Hospital location with a 12-story tower addition.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MVH new patient tower expansion )〕 In 2010, the Downtown Dayton Partnership, in cooperation with the City of Dayton and community leaders, introduced the Greater Downtown Dayton Plan. It focuses on job creation and retention, infrastructure improvements, housing, recreation, and collaboration. The plan is to be implemented through the year 2020.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Greater Downtown Dayton Plan )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dayton, Ohio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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